Veckan innan svensken Alexander Gustafsson skulle ha mött Gegard Mousasi på UFC: Stockholm 2013 så var han med om en olycka på träningen. Resultatet var ett jack som öppnades upp under ögonbrynet på honom, som även tvingade honom att sy tre stygn.
Själva öppningen på såret läkte förhållandevis kvickt, men jacket var ändå så pass djupt att Svenska MMA-förbundets (SMMAF) medicinska kommitté stoppade Gustafsson från att tävla. Från början skulle de ha undersökt såret först på fredagen före matchen, men gjorde en extrainsatt undersökning redan i början av veckan på grund av de rådande omständigheterna.
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De medger även i ett officiellt uttalande att om ingen läkare hade kontrollerat jacket tidigare än på fredagen före matchen så skulle de ha kunnat godkänna den, men då hade det varit omöjligt att undersöka närmare om hur djupt jacket faktiskt var.
Det fullständiga officiella uttalandet från SMMAF:s medicinska kommitté följer nedan:
Statement from the Medical Committee of the Swedish MMA Federation (SMMAF)
On Saturday the 30th of March a SMMAF doctor examined Mr. Alexander Gustafsson and forwarded images of the injury, pre and post sutures, to two other SMMAF doctors. Together they made the assessment that Gustafsson’s injury was of such a nature that he would not be able to compete nor partake in full–contact sparring for another 6 weeks or more without risking further injury and that it was highly unlikely that he would be cleared at the medical check the day before the match. The cut was both wide and deep and in a sensitive area. Consequently, he could not at that time be deemed fit to safely compete in the match. It was formally decided on the 2nd of April that Gustafsson´s match was stopped through the ruling of the Medical Committee. Questions have been raised regarding the assessment of the Medical Committee and the SMMAF board has requested we supply the Federation with a formal clarification on the details of the decision.
After 48 hours a sutured wound is re-epithelialized, meaning that there is a thin layer of cells covering it. Wound strength gradually increases during the healing process, and after 2 weeks a wound has less than 10% of its final healed strength. By this time, most superficial or percutaneous closure materials are removed, and the resulting wound has little to rely on for strength unless additional support is available. Additional support in this case would be tape but that is not allowed during an MMA match according to SMMAF rules. At this point the scar is more or less visible to the naked eye, but the damaged tissue is not healed. Wound strength increases to 20% by 3 weeks and to 50% by 4 weeks. At 3-6 months, a wound achieves its maximum strength, which is 70-80% of that of normal skin.
In the event of a wound of this nature, it will be enough with only a moderate impact in the eye area for the wound to open up again. In elite level contact sports it is highly probable for that to occur and thus causing the wound to bleed profusely, escalated by the fact that in this stage of the healing process there is an increase of vascular density in the surrounding tissue. The bleeding would be of such intensity that a stoppage of the match is highly likely, since the vision would be occluded.
The long-term consequences are hard to predict, but repeated damage to a wound with less than 10% strength will likely cause muscular damage. In this case this entails damage to orbicularis occulis, levator and palpebrae superioris, i.e. the muscles controlling the eye lid, which could lead to a permanently decreased function of the eye lid, commonly referred to as a lazy eye (medical term ptosis).
Had the Medical Committee not been asked to examine the wound at this early stage nor been privy to information regarding the injury, there is a possibility that Gustafsson might have been cleared at an inspection on April 5th. The extent to which a wound of this type appears healed after a week will vary. However, such speculation is not relevant in this case since the Medical Committee had in fact already performed an examination. Consequently; letting an athlete compete in an elite level full contact sport based on what appears to be a healed scar, but fully informed of the fact that the injury is far from healed and the obvious risks that come with it, would be a severe breach of medical ethics as well as in this respect also against the law.
Finally the Medical Committee would like to comment on the time-line of events. Normally a SMMAF doctor will see the athlete for the first time on the day before the match at the medical check. However unusual as this case was, there is nothing in the SMMAF regulations that prevents a SMMAF doctor to see an athlete earlier than the day before the match. Furthermore there is nothing in the SMMAF regulations that prevents the Medical Committee to make a decision earlier than on the night before a match. If an athlete’s team contacts the SMMAF because of a medical situation that has arisen it would be unethical for the Federation to turn its back on that athlete and not perform a medical examination immediately.
References
1. http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries_poisoning/lacerations/lacerations.html
2. http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?dv09140
3. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1298129-overview#aw2aab6b6
4. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1127693-overview#aw2aab6b2
